Tezepelumab in Adults and Adolescents with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma
N Engl J Med. 2021 May 13;384(19):1800-1809. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034975.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33979488/
テゼペルマブ、そんな言葉初めて聞きました。。
Background: Tezepelumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks thymic stromal lymphopoietin, an epithelial-cell-derived cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma require further assessment.
Methods: We conducted a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients (12 to 80 years of age) were randomly assigned to receive tezepelumab (210 mg) or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 52 weeks. The primary end point was the annualized rate of asthma exacerbations over a period of 52 weeks. This end point was also assessed in patients with baseline blood eosinophil counts of less than 300 cells per microliter. Secondary end points included the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and scores on the Asthma Control Questionnaire-6 (ACQ-6; range, 0 [no impairment] to 6 [maximum impairment]), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ; range, 1 [maximum impairment] to 7 [no impairment]), and Asthma Symptom Diary (ASD; range, 0 [no symptoms] to 4 [worst possible symptoms]).
Results: Overall, 1061 patients underwent randomization (529 were assigned to receive tezepelumab and 532 to receive placebo). The annualized rate of asthma exacerbations was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07) with tezepelumab and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.84 to 2.39) with placebo (rate ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.53; P<0.001). In patients with a blood eosinophil count of less than 300 cells per microliter, the annualized rate was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.23) with tezepelumab and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.46 to 2.05) with placebo (rate ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.75; P<0.001). At week 52, improvements were greater with tezepelumab than with placebo with respect to the prebronchodilator FEV1 (0.23 vs. 0.09 liters; difference, 0.13 liters; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18; P<0.001) and scores on the ACQ-6 (-1.55 vs. -1.22; difference, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.20; P<0.001), AQLQ (1.49 vs. 1.15; difference, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.47; P<0.001), and ASD (-0.71 vs. -0.59; difference, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.19 to -0.04; P = 0.002). The frequencies and types of adverse events did not differ meaningfully between the two groups.
Conclusions: Patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma who received tezepelumab had fewer exacerbations and better lung function, asthma control, and health-related quality of life than those who received placebo. (Funded by AstraZeneca and Amgen; NAVIGATOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03347279.).
背景:胸腺間質性リンパ球新生因子は,喘息の発症機序に関わる上皮細胞由来サイトカインである.テゼペルマブ(tezepelumab)は,この因子を遮断するヒトモノクローナル抗体である.重症・コントロール不良喘息患者におけるテゼペルマブの有効性と安全性について,さらなる評価が必要とされている.
方法:第 3 相多施設共同無作為化二重盲検プラセボ対照試験を行った.患者(12~80 歳)を,テゼペルマブ(210 mg)の皮下投与を 4 週ごとに 52 週間行う群とプラセボ群に無作為に割り付けた.主要エンドポイントは,52 週間における喘息増悪の年間発生率とした.このエンドポイントは,ベースラインの血中好酸球数が 300/μL 未満の患者についても評価した.副次的評価項目は,1 秒量(FEV1)と,6 点満点の喘息コントロール質問票(ACQ-6)のスコア(0 [支障なし]~6 [重度の支障]),喘息 QOL 質問票(AQLQ)のスコア(1 [重度の支障]~7 [支障なし]),喘息症状日誌(ASD)のスコア(0 [症状なし]~4[起こりうる最悪の症状])などとした.
結果:1,061 例が無作為化された(テゼペルマブ群 529 例,プラセボ群 532 例).喘息増悪の年間発生率は,テゼペルマブ群で 0.93(95%信頼区間 [CI] 0.80~1.07),プラセボ群で 2.10(95% CI 1.84~2.39)であった(率比 0.44,95% CI 0.37~0.53,P<0.001).血中好酸球数が 300/μL 未満の患者における年間発生率は,テゼペルマブ群で 1.02(95% CI 0.84~1.23),プラセボ群で 1.73(95% CI 1.46~2.05)であった(率比 0.59,95% CI 0.46~0.75,P<0.001).52 週の時点で,テゼペルマブ群ではプラセボ群よりも,気管支拡張薬投与前の FEV1 が大幅に改善し(0.23 L 対 0.09 L,差 0.13 L,95% CI 0.08~0.18,P<0.001),ACQ-6 スコア(-1.55 対 -1.22,差 -0.33,95% CI -0.46~-0.20,P<0.001),AQLQ スコア(1.49 対 1.15,差 0.34,95% CI 0.20~0.47,P<0.001),ASD スコア(-0.71 対 -0.59,差 -0.12,95% CI -0.19~-0.04,P=0.002)も大幅に改善した.有害事象の頻度と種類に,群間で有意差は認められなかった.
結論:重症・コントロール不良喘息患者にテゼペルマブを投与した場合,プラセボを投与した場合と比較して増悪が少なく,肺機能,喘息コントロール,健康関連 QOL が良好であった.(アストラゼネカ社,アムジェン社から研究助成を受けた.NAVIGATOR 試験:ClinicalTrials.gov 登録番号 NCT03347279)
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